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Custom Writing And Editing Services The thesis will inevitably change as you revise and develop your ideasâ€"and that is ok! Start with a tentative thesis and revise as your paper develops. ” Space the questions about two or three lines apart so that you can write your answers on these lines. Respond to each questions in as much detail as you can. This exercise will help develop your ideas and identify areas of your topic that you need to learn more about. High school essays are often 500 words, but graduate essays can be 5000 words or more. Transition words can be used to create clear connections between sentences. To give your essay a clear structure, it is important to make use of paragraphsand headings. This makes the content scannable and easy to digest. The purpose of each paragraph is introduced using topic sentences. The topic sentence forms a transition from the previous paragraph and introduces the argument to be made in this paragraph. This is one of the most informative articles that I have come across today. I have learned quite a great deal about writing an essay by simply reading this article. Science Channel’s are giving a complete knowledge to its viewers about every thing students write done dissertation on this subjects and show its importance. Wow I am supposed to get the perfect way to write an essay in fabulous way. The introduction is important both to grab the reader’s interest and to inform them of what will be covered in the essay. The introduction generally comprises 10â€"20% of the text. Each paragraph should be centered around just one argument or idea. The body of your essay is where you make arguments supporting your thesis statement, provide evidence, and develop your ideas. Its central purpose is to present, interpret and analyze the information and sources you have gathered to support your argument. To learnhow to write an essay introduction, start by getting familiar with its most important goals. An essay is a focused piece of writing that develops an argument or narrative based on evidence, analysis and interpretation. I often fall into the habit of just writing as much as I can, then amending and editing that first push through. Sometimes I don’t like the path I went down so I’ll erase everything and start over. Other times I’ll keep the path going and just expand on it. Avoid burying a great thesis statement in the middle of a paragraph or late in the paper. They are essential when you're writing an essay or other written assignment. They help you plan out your ideas and research prior to writing your final paper. The final sub-point should be your thesis statement. State the idea or argument that you plan to discuss in your essay. Under the first sub-point, write a sentence that introduces the essay topic while also grabbing the reader's attention. A shocking fact or anecdote is a great way to start. My introduction contains a thesis statement that states the focus and position of the essay. After the topic sentence,present evidence by providing the reader with data, examples or quotes. Be sure to interpret and explain the evidence, and show how the paragraph helps develop your overall argument.

How To Write An Academic Essay

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Writing Tips « Writers Workshop

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The Four Major Types Of Essays

The Four Major Types Of Essays The last sentence is a broad statement relating to the significance of the argument. Once you have brainstormed your ideas and done some initial research, start putting them into a logical order as part of the essay planning process. Brainstorming helps you to see what you know about the topic. Brainstorming, researching and planning are cyclical, which means that each process helps the other processes and you might want to do each process more than once. ‘Criticise’ does not mean you have to be negative.CritiqueEvaluate an argument or a text to see if it is good. ‘Critique’ does not mean you have to be negative.DefineExplain the meaning of a word or a term, especially in the context of your essay. There is no set model for an essay, but the English for Uni website presents one popular way to do it. The following example is based around a 1000 word discussion essay. To read about essays in greater detail, download this PDF or Word document. Whether chocolate is a food or a drug is also unclear. It can therefore be said that chocolate is not a healthy food, but can be enjoyed as part of a healthy and balanced diet and lifestyle. To write a 1000 word essay, ideally you should allow yourself about 3 weeks. End with a broad statement relating to the significance of your argument. Scope â€" where you outline what exactly is going to be covered in relation to your argument.2. The first two articles have been cited 90 times and 103 times respectively, suggesting that they might be good sources for your essay. The links to the right indicate that you can access the articles through your university website. The best place to start (assuming you haven’t already been given a prescribed reading list!) is by using an academic database. Thus, it will be argued that despite chocolate’s positive effect in some cases on mood and the cardiovascular system it has also been linked to addiction and obesity. Leave yourself enough time to look at your essay more than once. For a 1000 word essay you need at least three days to redraft your essay. Writing your introduction last means you are more likely to have a tighter fit between the introduction, main body and conclusion because you already know what your essay will be about. Topic sentenceThe topic sentence can function as a sentence of transition from the previous paragraph. If you are not sure how to use a database, then book an appointment with your subject librarian at your institution. ‘Compare’ often appears with ‘contrast’ in essay questions.ContrastShow the differences between two sets of information or arguments. ‘Contrast’ often appears with ‘compare’ in essay questions.CriticiseEvaluate an argument or a text to see if it is good. If your essay is already written and needs to be corrected for proper syntax, grammar and spelling, this option is for you. We can either improve your writing before your teacher sees the work, or make corrections after. Being a good writer involves using other people’s ideas to support your work. You might wonder how you can include your own voice and still sound academic when you are writing about a subject area in which you have little knowledge. Including your voice does not mean that you should say ‘I think’ or ‘in my opinion’. However, you should never forget to say where these ideas come from, even if you don’t quote the person’s exact words. This is very important in academic writing in western countries, and if you do not do this you might be accused of plagiarism, which is a serious offence at university. Obesity and chocolate consumption seemingly have no proven correlations. Another possible positive dimension to chocolate is a correlation with cardiovascular health. Yet the potential benefits of flavanols in chocolate are currently offset by the high fat/carbohydrate content of most forms of chocolate. Since Spanish explorers brought back chocolate from the new world, chocolate consumption has become a worldwide phenomenon. At first, chocolate, a derivative of the cacao bean, was consumed as a drink, only later achieving mass popularity in tablet or bar form. However, chocolate’s inherent popularity does not equate to it possessing healthy properties, as suggested by the title. The realities of chocolate are more down to earth; a number of these realities will be addressed in this essay. Moreover, there is the possibility of some correlation between over-consumption of chocolate and obesity.

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But none of those things seem to tell the admissions committee what they wouldn’t already know from simply reading her list of extracurriculars. But I’ve seen that loyalty tested plenty of times. I’m completely invested in the Pats; I’ve been known to be giddy when they win, and tearful when they lose. Once, she agonized so much over an American history paper about how the Great Depression ended that she rejected the job at the last minute, and had to pay an $18 fine. Bret Hovell, a spokesman for Arizona State University, said the school was not able to determine whether the essay had been turned in. Mr. Loller said he had worked with some colleges that have students who have never shown up for class or completed a single assignment. “We do not condone, encourage or knowingly take part in plagiarism or any other acts of academic fraud,” it said. Less attention has been paid to the tricks some well-off students use to skate by once they are enrolled. Here, you have an avenue of expressing your personal view on something that you have observed, read about or experienced. You can inject your own personality, perspectives, emotions, as well as challenge the observations that other authors have made on the subject matter. Here, the evidence you use to back up the facts you present should be up-to-date and relevant. So beyond just checking for spelling errors, you are looking for anything that could potentially put off the reader. One effective way of making sure you do not miss anything is reading the paper out loud and then correct accordingly as you move along. Research does not just involve digital or written sources, but also other sources like interviews, podcasts, lessons and speeches. Remember that primary sources are more authoritative than secondary sources. The title is the starting point of the process and this needs to be developed in such a way that you are able to systematically show the relationship between the whole and its parts. In the writing process, you will need to use examples, draw parallels, and discuss associations. To effectively achieve this, it is necessary to employ the use of metaphors, similes, allegories, symbolisms, or other methods of comparison. In order to make it unique and captivating to the reader, it is also important to inject unexpected angles or unpredictable conclusions. An essay differs from other projects both within and beyond academia in the sense that you need to come up with a product of your own unique creativity. It is the depth and quality of your research that will help you grasp the scope of the theme and the strengths and weaknesses of your argument. So don't hesitate to return to the instructor if you have to get all the facts straight. Remember, this is a skill that you will draw from in future, whether you take on writing as a career or pursue a different professional route. Therefore, practice the art of getting your objectives right from the beginning before embarking on the project. Those are just a few more narrative possibilities for structuring your essay. At 650 words, each of these will be best understood as a five-paragraph essay, so a basic structure stays the same, but the way things begin and end will not. So instead Anita decides to write about a wilderness solo she took in North Carolina on a school trip, and about how it influenced her relationship with poetry. The obvious thingâ€"and the thing most teachers and advisors told Anita to doâ€"is write about mock trial. William Zinsser’s On Writing Well is the primer for nonfiction writing basics. Strunk & White’s Elements of Style is a very slim volume that will help you ensure you’ve dotted all your i’s and crossed all your t’s when it comes to grammar and syntax rules. Loyalty to a team, to an establishment, to other peopleâ€"even to oneself. Sitting in that bar over the last year, I feel like I’ve glimpsed them all. As a Boston-born girl, my loyalty to the Patriots seems naturalâ€"even if it’s not so common for a teenage Indian-American-Californian girl to be as much of a sports junkie as I am. The right essay editor or guide is someone who knows something about you but isn’t your best friend or parent, and someone who you know can push you on storytelling and language. It’s best not to hand your essay to every person who comes your way, no matter how many smart teachers, friends, and peers you have at your disposal. Too much feedback can confuse your sense of mission.

10 Simple Tips For Writing Essays In English

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Introduction

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Essay Writing Service Market Services & Key Advancements 2025 By Top Key Players Writeperfect Ltd, Essayservice, Frogprog Limited

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In Newly Published Essay, John Lewis Offers Parting Words Of Hope

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Great Expectations By Charles Dickens - 1701 Words

Charles Dickens novel Great Expectations first saw the light in 1860. In it the English novelist raised and criticized important issue for the time of social and psychological dissociation between the higher crust and simple working class. The genre of the novel features are located in the plane of the classic era of realism, generously spiced with the original English humor and a bit of European sentiment. Great Expectations - a novel of education, because it tells several stories of becoming a dignified young person:â€Å"So, I must be taken as I have been made. The success is not mine, the failure is not mine, but the two together make me.† It proves all above statements about ambiguity and depth of moral, which was described in it. Pip is a young orphan boy living with his sister Mrs. Joe and her husband Joe Gargery in the marshes of Kent. One evening Pip sits in the nearby graveyard staring at his parent’s tombstones, when out of nowhere a convict pops up from be hind the tombstones and grabs Pip. The convict orders Pip to get him food and a file for his leg irons. Pip obeys in fear, but when he comes back with the items the convict has been captured. The convict also defends Pip by saying he stole these items from him. Days go by and Pip gets picked up by his uncle Mr. Pumblechook to play at Satis house, the wealthy Miss Havisham. During his visit he meets this young girl named Estella, although she treats him poorly on his visit. Pip falls in love with herShow MoreRelatedGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens1113 Words   |  5 Pagesadventures that the male characters go on. This seems to be relevant in a lot of movies and books like the story Great Expectations by Charles Dickens. In Great Expectations there are multiple female characters like Estella, Biddy, and Miss Havisham who all play a large part in the main character, Pip’s life. One of the first that we meet the character Estella in Charles Dickens’ Great Expectations is when Pip goes to Miss Havisham’s to play with her. The two kids play the game beggar my neighbor when EstellaRead MoreGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens1347 Words   |  6 Pagespoor status of the economy, social mobility does not seem to be occurring at high rates, with the poor getting poorer and rich getting richer. Despite this, social mobility is alive and well, and has been for centuries. In his novel, Great Expectations, Charles Dickens voices the concerns of many that lived in Victorian England during the 19th century by promoting such a desire to live life in a more prosperous social class. One of the most fundamental and reoccurring themes in the novel is that ofRead MoreGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens1426 Words   |  6 Pages Twelve-year-old Charles dickens gets ready for bed after a long day at the blacking house. These Victorian-aged memories will provide him with many ideas for his highly acclaimed novel Great Expectations. Set in 1830 England, Great Expectations is a coming-of-age story about a common innocent boy named Pip and his road to becoming a gentleman through the influence of others. Pip is influenced both positively and negatively by Estella, Herbert, and Magwitch. Estella left a huge impression on PipRead MoreGreat Expectations by Charles Dickens984 Words   |  4 PagesCharles Dickens utilizes his life for inspiration for the protagonist Pip in his novel Great Expectations. They both struggle with their social standing. Dickens loved plays and theatre and therefore incorporated them into Pip’s life. Dickens died happy in the middle class and Pip died happy in the middle class. The connection Dickens makes with his life to Pip’s life is undeniable. If readers understand Dickens and his upbringing then readers can understand how and why he created Pip’s upbringingRead MoreCharles Dickens Great Expectations943 Words   |  4 Pages This is true in many cases but none as much as in Great Expectations. In many ways the narrator/protagonist Pip is Charles Dickens in body and mind. While there are many differences between the story and Charles Dickens life there remains one constant. This constant is the way Pip as the narra tor feels, because these feelings are Dickens s own feelings about the life he lead. Since Great Expectations was written towards end of Charles Dickens life, he was wiser and able to make out the mistakesRead MoreGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens1375 Words   |  6 PagesGreat Expectations by Charles Dickens and The Talented Mr Ripley by Anthony Minghella present similar criticisms of society to a large extent. Both of these texts consider the criticisms of rich social contexts (wealth and status), societal morality (whether a society is good or not. Status [can lead to the wrong people being in a high position i.e. making bad decisions affecting the community/society] Appearance [society appears to be moral/good (if you’re from a higher status) {dickens criticisesRead MoreCharles Dickens Great Expectations1223 Words   |  5 PagesBeloved author Charles Dickens was born on February 7, 1812 in Portsmouth, England. Growing up in a life of poverty, his childhood hardshi ps provided the inspiration to write a myriad of classic novels including his 1861 seminole masterpiece, Great Expectations (â€Å"BBC History - Charles Dickens†). Great Expectations follows the life of an orphan named Pip, who’s perspective of the world is altered when he is attacked by an escaped convict in his parents’ graveyard in the town of Kent. Throughout hisRead MoreGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens924 Words   |  4 Pagesa character driven novel, or a mix of the two. In order for a novel to be character driven, it must revolve more around the characters’ individual thoughts, feelings, and inner struggles, rather than around the quest of the story. Great Expectations, by Charles Dickens, is a character driven novel. While the story does have a plot, it is not contingent upon that plot, but rather is reliant upon its characters and their natures. This is evident from the beginning of the novel. From the opening ofRead MoreCharles Dickens Great Expectations1669 Words   |  7 PagesCharles Dickens He was one of England s greatest authors of the 1800 s, better known as the Victorian era. The various themes and ideas of that time are perfectly showcased in his many novels and short stories, such as Nicholas Nickelby, Great Expectations, Oliver Twist, A Tale of Two Cities, and A Christmas Carol. Much of the inspiration for these works came from the trials and conflicts that he dealt with in his own life. His volumes of fictional writing show the greatRead MoreCharles Dickens Great Expectations1017 Words   |  5 Pagesexperiencer is somewhere else absorbing knowledge of a different setting.This abstract adventure is seized by author Charles Dickens in Great Expectations. Great Expectations is historical fiction giving readers comprehension of the Victorian Era.Upon the reading, readers begin to catch on the intended purpose and its significance. A person who lived during the Victorian Era was Charles Dickens himself.He grew up during a time where differences in social class were to an extreme degree.Dickens went through

The Issue Of Global Climate Change - 1374 Words

The issue of global climate change is one of the most popular debates in modern day society. For decades, scientists have been battling to find the source of our global climate change. This matter brings to us whether or not humans are accelerating the process of global climate change. Scientists have provided solid evidence of global climate change by humans in multiple studies, but others believe that climate change is caused solely by nature and the naturalness of the Earth’s cycle. According to National Aeronautics and Space Administration, also known as NASA, over 97% of climate scientists agree that global warming is mostly likely caused by human activities. In our society today, there is a lot of misconception of the definition of weather and climate. As these two terms are often associated with each other, they are not the same. Mark Twain simply summed up the definition for us: â€Å"Climate is what you expect; weather is what you get†. According to Andrew Des sler, a science politician, climate is the behavior of the environment throughout a long period of time, usually a decade or so, whereas weather refers to the actual temperature of the atmosphere at a particular period of time. â€Å"Climate change†, however, is â€Å"any systematic change in the long-term statistics of climate elements (such as temperature, pressure, or winds) sustained over several decades or longer† (Dessler). Our society often forgets that our current projects are not always necessarily benefiting us,Show MoreRelatedThe Issue Of Global Climate Change957 Words   |  4 Pages If the issue of global climate change is not addressed properly, it will create enormous economic challenges that will create huge price tags on the global economy; that is why we need to give much attention by proposing international policy because it will bolster cooperation between countries and international organizations by formulating policies for the general good of soc iety. Climate change plays a key role in our day to day activities. The changes in climate will affect our movement, healthRead MoreClimate Change : A Global Issue1056 Words   |  5 PagesCBA Climate Change Cody McLain 1/31/17 While debate rages on regarding responsibility for past greenhouse gas emissions and how to reduce the man-made sources of those gases, the world is actually already committed to adapting to the climate changes that will continue to develop as a result of past emissions. The need to adapt is urgent. Although climate change is a global issue, it shows itself differently at the regional and local levels. Climate chage is already having concerning, and indeedRead MoreGlobal Environmental Issues Facing Climate Change Essay1245 Words   |  5 Pagesthe challenges we face in our interactions with the environment. Climate change has become one of the most challenging global environmental issues facing humanity.. Urban households, industries and infrastructures are key sources of greenhouse gases. Urban areas concentrate populations, economic activities and built environments, thus increasing their risk from floods, heat waves, and other climate and weather hazards that climate change is e xpected to aggravate. Many of our urban centres are in theRead MoreGlobal Climate Change Is A Real And Serious Issue999 Words   |  4 PagesThe majority of the scientific community agrees, to some extent, that global climate change is a real and serious issue. Various organizations, to include the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) have gathered endless data on evidence, causes, and consequences. In the past, the debate was whether global climate change was a real phenomenon and whether humans were the main contributors to its acceleration. Unfortunately these debatesRead MoreHuman Beings Are Responsible For The Issue Of Global Climate Change Essay1651 Words   |  7 PagesIndividuals that believe human beings are directly accountable for the issue of global climate change due to the anthropocentric mind-set (human dominance over nature), evident by the climate change science, believe we must change our mind-s et in order to save the plant from further harm. Greenhouse gases are ensnared in the air and are rapidly increasing the temperature of the planet, since the gases basically absorb the warmth from the sunlight. Human beings are responsible for releasing the gasesRead MoreThe Big Issue of Climate Change and Global Warming Essay664 Words   |  3 PagesClimate Change and Global Warming Climate change and Global warming is a big issue in the world today. One big thing is the Greenhouse Effect. The Greenhouse Effect is the capturing of the suns warmth in the planets lower atmosphere due to the greater transparency of the atmosphere to visible radiation from the sun than to infrared radiation given off from the planets surface. Greenhouse gases affect the temperature here on Earth by sunlight hitting the Earth. Then, carbon dioxide reflectsRead MoreClimate Change Has Become A Significant Policy Issue Debated By The Entire Global Community1421 Words   |  6 Pages Climate change has become a significant policy issue debated by the entire global community. Through out earth’s existence, climate change has been a part of the evolutionary process. Earth’s climate goes through a sequence of glacier and inter-glacier periods. These are periods where the earth heats up and global warming takes over the land. Then, there will be a period of an ice age, where snow and ice encompass most of the land. Recent studies provide evidence to this theory and additionallyRead MoreEnvironmental Case Analysis: the Risks of Global Climate Change1185 Words   |  5 PagesEnvironmental Case Analysis: The Risks of Global Climate Change Introduction The natural world seems to be deteriorating around us, and it seems to be our fault. We are uncertain about the extent of the deterioration, the means that would reverse it, and the prospects for human life in the future (Newton, Dillingham, Choly, 2006, p. x). The environment and its protection is an extremely serious issue. Many environmental issues exist including endangered species, waste pollution, over populationRead MoreCritique Nigel Dowers Perspective Of Ethical Development And Globalization1722 Words   |  7 PagesClimate change is related to globalization and development similarly to how economics is related to globalization and development, but with one additional step. Dower (p1. 2005) explains the relationship as follows: â€Å"globalization is an economic process involving increased international investments and trade in goods and services. Development is a process of economic growth. Globalization is the engine of economic growth. So globalization is the engine o f development.† For this paper, I will useRead MoreClimate Change Essays1637 Words   |  7 Pagesclimatologists, the notion of Global warming today is commonly heard but very misunderstood. One might ask, what exactly is global warming and should we care? According to What is Global Warming? in LiveScience, global warming is a gradual increase in the temperature of Earths surface and atmosphere, that has become a world-wide environmental issue.1(Lallanilla,2013) Similarly, this topic is one of great controversy because of widely differing opinions on current global warming rates and the impact

Crime Scene Investigations-Free Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: You are required to research a Criminal Case that Included a Substantial Crime Scene Examination Component. Answer: Introduction Death and the Dentist Tom Kolmann and Gil Nunez were best friends. In this very intriguing crime of passion that led to the death of Tom was Linda, Toms wife and Gil Nunez girlfriend. Yes, Linda had a love triangle with best friends and by the look of it, all parties were comfortable. The dentist had an affair with toms wife, Linda and although they kept it under wraps for quite some time, guilt trips led to them revealing of the affair. It must have been devastating for Tom who was also a patient of the dentist. However, surprisingly enough, Tom, was okay with the love triangle. What surprised many including his parents was the fact that Tom never told anybody about the love triangle. On November 29 , year 2011, 44-year old Tom was found dead in his car in the Kingston Planet Fitness parking lot in New York(Fisher and Fisher, 2012). Background Detective Michael Thomas was the first in the crime scene and realized how unusual Tom was positioned in the car. Additionally, where and how the car was positioned was also very unusual. In an interview with 48 Hours correspondent, Richard Schlesinger, the detective said that he found Tom Laying almost flat as if he was sleeping yet he was in the drivers seat. In the crime scene, nothing in the car would suggest an attack or physical harm or trauma. There was absolutely nothing suspicious about that could warrant that it was a murder but the detective who was later joined by detective Kyle Berardi and Detective Brian Reavy also caught the attention of how far the car was parked from the gym. It is unusual that a car can be parked that far by someone who is going to the gym. It was not parked near the building and that to them was very strange. Toms parents, Marie and Tom snr were also shocked about his death. His ex-wife whom they had divorced for twelve years was also in utter shock(Grant, Rodriguez and Perkins, 2008). Linda was the first at the crime scene after Tom failed to report to work. It was then that she made a distressing call to 911 and the detectives responded. However, it was the over dramatization of the whole incident by Gil Nunez that raised eyebrows. Nunez even dropped on his knees saying that Tom was his best friend and that he did not see any CPR being done. He knew that Tom was dead. Tom had a medical condition called sleep apnea. Gilberto Nunez was a well-known dentist in Kingston area and also a fire fighter volunteer with a big general practitioner dental hospital. Crime scene examination This was not necessarily a crime of passion but all pointers led to that. While there were no clear leads, the detectives were waiting for the full report of the autopsy report. They knew that Gil came with a white SUV , a Nissan pathfinder and remembered clearly that the surveillance footage showed a white SUV although very blurry. In the report, it was noted that tom had an enlarged heart. This could easily be the lead of his death in case he suffered from a cardiac arrest or a heart attack. He also suffered from mild obesity and the symptoms of a cardiac arrest(Collins, 2003). Gil was the first to disclose to the detectives that Tom had sleep apnea because he was his doctor. Sleep apnea is a condition where a person suffering from it may die in his sleep due to suffocated breath. Two weeks after his death, the autopsy noted that there was midazolam in his body from the toxicology report. Nunez told Schlesinger of CBN 48 Hours that general practitioners dont use midazolam and only dental surgeons are allowed its access. In crime investigations, elimination method is whats used to get to the bottom of the crime. This was a medical substance and only a health practitioner could have access to it. Linda worked in a hospital as an administrative assistant but when a search was conducted, nothing was missing. His d eath was classified as acute midazolam poisoning but the levels found in his body would not kill somebody. However, there was no explanation as to why the drug would be found in his body(Newton, 2008). Midazolam has different effects on different people. According to Murray Weiss who is an editor for DNA info and has worked in crime scenes for over twenty years said that the midazolam in toms body changed everything. The real question in this crime was whether the drug in his body was enough to kill a guy. The detectives believe that Gil met Tom at the gym before giving him a cup of coffee laced with midazolam. It was enough to shut down his respiratory system. They have eliminated everyone and only Dr. Nunez was in a position to have Midazolam with him. The people of interest and the obvious people here with its access was either Linda or Gil. Linda had been eliminated and Gil was the main suspect now. The only problem was to connect midazolam with him and his contact with Tom at the crime scene(Newton, 2008). Sole suspect After eliminating Linda as a suspect, the police were left with only Nunez as the main suspect. Police could not prove who killed Tom. But they had lead with the surveillance footage and the midazolam which only led to one suspect, Gil Nunez. The questions that needed to be asked were, how did midazolam get into Toms body? Was that the Nissan Pathfinder that Nunez uses that was in the footage really his? If Tom was laced with midazolam, where was the cup of coffee and why toms body was found in the position it was found at? His pants were undone and Gil had sent tom a link of a porn website. It was expected to be believed that Toms death was as a result of a sexual encounter with a call girl who laced him with the drug. The detectives had to rely on Grant Fredericks an expert on forensic video solutions who has extensive knowledge on car lighting systems and the shape. According to Grant, the SUV in the surveillance footage match that of Nunez. It is a Nissan pathfinder and has the p hysical characteristics that are comparable to Nunez SUV. It was a Nissan Pathfinder SUV but Grant could not point out if it was Nunez. There is no enough resolution in the lights which shows that the car might not belong to Nunez. It also did not have the decals which are emergency lighting that his car has as he is a volunteer fire fighter(Newton, 2008). Grant however, noted that the beam of light in one of the headlights matched that of Nunez car. This was not enough evidence as in most of the cases the headlight beam does match in both of the headlights. After videotaping Nunez car in the same place, Fredericks felt that he could make a conclusion. The car projected the same kind of light as the car in the video. It was indistinguishable from Nunez. The police summoned Nunez again for questioning. This time they had obtained a search warrant to search his work place and his house. Upon being summoned some went to do the search and it is there in his office that they found a full pack of midazolam drug. He was the only one with the information on how midazolam work(Orr, n.d.). There was also other incriminating evidence to show that Nunez was obsessed with Linda and wanted to eliminate Tom to have her all by him. He had hired a person who was supposedly supposed to pose as a CIA officer and had evidence that Tom was cheating on his wife. He had sent email to Linda and wanted Linda to leave Tom for him. He was also texting Tom and Linda like teenagers. Crime scene investigation There are very many thing that detectives look in a crime scene; marks on the floor, blood drops, something like a nail or hair etc. Every detail in an investigation is fundamental and detectives know that the slightest mistake can jeopardize the rest of the investigation. Thus, crime scene analysis must meet several requirements , which also involve input of different specialists(Baum, n.d.). An crime scene analysis is carried out in the following way. Step 1 involves cordoning and preservation of the scene or place of crime. When the establishment of the perimeter is done, an optical inspection is carried out. After inspection is done, detectives nominate different parts of the crime scene to begin lifting of clues. All these elements may become useful evidence in the framework of the investigation. Therefore, it is important that the conditions and steps in which the survey is carried out and also there should be integrity in the way the subsequent chain of custody is carried out. In addition to the team of experts, a witness (a person over 18 who does not have a direct relationship with the victims or the case) and a representative of the prosecutor's office must participate in this process. The experts In any analysis of a crime scene there should be: a planimetric expert, a photographer, a trail specialist, a ballistic expert, a medical and a chemical expert. Some specialists may or may not participate according to the nature of the crime.Each of the experts must keep a record of the work done in a spreadsheet. There will be indicated a chronological order of the work, the description of environmental and climatic phenomena, the topographic characteristics(Kellerman and Kellerman, n.d.). This work presents in the first instance a historical approach to Criminology and Criminalistics, secondly, the management of the scene of crime, then, the procedure of the National Police in the Scene of Crime and legal support thereof; in the same way, the procedure of the Judicial Technical Police and its legal basis is presented. Then, it is exposed on the legal foundations of the Right to Due Process, to later, enter the analysis of a jurisprudence (Kellerman and Kellerman, n.d.) . Instruct participants about the importance and value of the preliminary investigation at the crime scene and its subjection to the right to due process. Identify and demonstrate this subject according to the principles and norms established in the course of Applied Criminology. Know all the parameters used by institutions that in one way or another have to relate to the Crime Scene as they are: the National Police, the Judicial Technical Police and some judicial dependencies. Criminology It is an empirical and interdisciplinary science, which deals with the study of crime, the person of the offender, the victim and the social control of criminal behavior and tries to provide valid, contrasted information about the genesis, dynamics and main variables of the crime(Kellerman and Kellerman, n.d.). Conclusion The way the investigators handled the case was not professional. First, it shows that they did not handle the evidence very well, when Toms phone was found with no messages. This shows that someone had deleted the text messages that were from Nunez to Tom showing that they were only discussing about football. The detectives tried too hard to implicate Nunez as the murderer and forgot to evaluate other possible options that could have led to Toms death. According to Gils lawyer, the fact that Tom had visited GetNaughty.com site could have explained the presence of the white SUV and why Toms fly was partially undone and the position that he was in when they found his lifeless body. However, there were all indications that the car (white SUV) in the crime scene belonged to Nunez because it had matching headlight patterns. It is clear that the jury did not consider this evidence provided by police when giving their verdict. All the evidence points out at Nunez who would have wanted to get Tom out of the picture so that he could remain with Linda (Fish, 2015). while all the evidence show that Nunez was the main suspect, for example the presence of Midazolam in Toms body , the percentage could not have had any fatal effect on him. The theory that any Midazolam in a body of a person with Sleep Apnea condition led to his death does not hold any water because it is not proven. It is obvious that detectives tried too hard to implicate Nunez as the murderer while forgetting to follow other leads. According to the jury, Gil was not guilty of second degree murder. The evidence did not point directly to him who was heartbreaking to both Toms family and detectives. Tom was killed by Midazolam laced in his body according to toxicology and autopsy report. Dr. Nunez car A Nissan Pathfinder was seen by the surveillance footage in the crime scene and after a search at the Doctors office and home, they found Midazolam which is not used by general practitioners and also Gil had denied to ever using this drug. Gil was psychotic, manipulative and obsessive and perhaps wanted to get Tom out of the picture. This was a crime of passion.(Fish, 2015) References Baum, D. (n.d.). Crime scene investigations. Careers in forensic science. (2010). Chicago, IL: Institute for Career Research. Collins, M. (2003). CSI, crime scene investigation. New York: Pocket Star Books. Fish, J. (2015). Crime scene investigation. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. Fisher, B. and Fisher, D. (2012). Techniques of crime scene investigation. Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press. Grant, S., Rodriguez, G. and Perkins, S. (2008). CSI. San Diego, Calif.: IDW. Kellerman, J. and Kellerman, J. (n.d.). Crime scene. Newton, M. (2008). The encyclopedia of crime scene investigation. New York: Infobase Pub. Orr, T. (n.d.). Crime scene investigator.

Spanish Settlements and New England Colonies - 17th Century free essay sample

The Spanish began exploring America with â€Å"gold, glory and God† large in their minds. Cortes and the other conquistadors had conquered the empires of the South and Central Americas, but Spain wanted more. The Spanish explorers heard of great riches and cities built of gold northward, so that is where they headed, eventually arriving at what is now the southwest portion of the USA. The other Spanish goal was to convert the Native Americans to Catholicism. The British on the other hand, went to settle in New England to escape the religious persecution that they had to withstand in Europe. They came to America to be able to worship their gods in the manner of their choosing, and not in the way that their king or government decided they had to. Another reason they came to New England was because of the lack of jobs in Britain. So while both Spain and England came to America partly to gain riches, England wasn’t as blinded by gold as Spain was. We will write a custom essay sample on Spanish Settlements and New England Colonies 17th Century or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Also, though both countries founded settlements, the Spanish were not looking to stay there permanently. They wanted to focus on converting the â€Å"savages† and stealing their gold and riches and getting back home to Spain. The English wanted to make a new home, though at this point they still considered themselves to be under the British crown, and had no aspirations to make their own country. Their reasons for coming to America were not all that set them apart however. They also had a completely different basis for economy. The Spanish bringing back as much material wealth as was possible to Spain to enhance the prominence and stature of their native land. England made their money by relying on manufacturing. They did exceptionally in the lumber, shipbuilding, fishing and whaling industries. The colonies were able to rade with England and other countries, and had amazingly strong economic development. Because the Spanish focus entirely on their materialistic holdings, their economy was nowhere near as strong as the colonies’ was. In the instance of economy, England was undoubtedly the prevailing country. The two countries also contrasted politically. The political system in the Spanish settleme nts was exclusively aristocratic. Spanish rulers controlled what went on in the New World and the settlements had little self-government. The people actually living in the settlements had to be the elite to be able to have any influence at all. The pureblood Spaniards were on the top of the social ladder and they had the most authority. The â€Å"half-breeds† who were a mix of Spanish and Native American were on the lowest rung of the ladder and had little or even no say in what went on. Though the New England colonies were still under the British crown and it’s rule, they had self-government to a large extent. Most of the colonies had a governor and some sort of representative assembly that were chosen by popular vote. Though the only people that could vote were white, male landowners, this was already a step towards the democracy we have today. The Spanish and the British also had different relations with the Native Americans that were there before them. The two countries went about dealing with the natives in dissimilar ways. The Spanish began to take advantage of the Native Americans. They looted their villages to extract as much gold and wealth as was possible from them. They exploited the natives and soon began to use them for manual labor on their land. The English had mixed relations with the Native Americans. Occasionally there was peace and intermittently there was skirmishing going on between the two groups of people. The colonists could not however enslave the natives as the Spanish did because they caught diseases and died too quickly. Instead they preferred to use indentured white servants that needed to pay off their passage to America black slaves captured and brought over from Africa to do their bidding. As you can see, even though Spain and Great Britain came to settle in America in the same century, living on different sides of the country and having different ideals caused their lives and settlements to go in completely separate directions. Their experiences showed how differently things could go with just a few distinctive factors in place.

Counselling Assignment Essays

Counselling Assignment Essays Counselling Assignment Essay Counselling Assignment Essay Essay Topic: 12 Angry Men It is a vital function of our memory systems. It also helps people to connect and relate with each other. However, stereotyping can also be based on assumptions and presumptions about people Which leads to sentimentalism and can result in a bypass Of the counselors capacity for empathy. As such, it is highly relevant to the counseling experience. Stereotypes are not fresh or born of the present moment and tend to reduce the dull humanity of a person and obscure the bigger picture. Rather than deny that we make assumptions and operate from stereotypes, our tutors have proposed that it is much more healthy and lawful to the counseling process for the counselor to be aware of any stereotypes they might have. The value of recognizing a stereotype is that it trees both parties from inauthentic relating. I would guess that the more difference there is between the client and the counselor, the more likely a stereotype is to exist, To assess the worth or quality of the relevance of stereotyping and see both the strengths and weaknesses Of it, Will take the following examples. As a counselor, would first Of all need to be very aware Of my own personal stereotyping. For instance, do hold the view that young people in their ass are too young to fully appreciate or relate to the value of money, This impedes me from being able to see the true values that a young client would be putting on money. They might not he able to organize their money or plan for things they want to do in the future due to inexperience, and they might need some help in this area, but the judgment would be holding would not let me see this need. The relevance of stereotyping comes from people observing patterns of human nature in other people and perhaps in themselves. The danger of it being a shorthand is that it can mean e objectify other people and do not allow ourselves to have a direct fresh up-to-date heartfelt relationship With the person Who we are relating With. As a counselor to a young person in their ass, I would need to find simple open questions that allowed the client to explore his relationship with money. I might also reveal my own struggles With money management, in order to create empathy. Our tutors pointed out that honoring difference, valuing differences, can deepen the connection or bond between counselor and client by deepening the capacity for empathy. Personally, I feel I dont carry any prejudices about people?s racial backgrounds. Ive traveled a lot in my life and found many ways to connect with people of different races. However because of difficulties have had while working in Scotland, do hold prejudices against Scottish people. The only strength or value I can see of holding this stereotype or prejudice about the Scottish national identity wool be if it were to be true for the client in any given moment. For instance, one aspect of this that I feel to be true is that Scottish people hold themselves to be different, and generally to be badly treated by their English neighbors. It could be helpful to assess freshly with the client the veracity of this particular stereotype. If the stereotype is actually true, for the client, then they can be c value for it. If it is not true, this might be an opportunity for empathy in connection with the client. Where stereotyping might make a valuable contribution is when it holds a truth for the client at that moment. If the client uses a stereotype to present themselves, and it is true, it is no longer a Stereotype. Many Scottish people have over the centuries been themselves victim of stereotyping and prejudice by the English neighbors. Discrimination. This is why they are unhappy about it. But to be on the receiving end of something that is historical and for which I have no responsibility for his painful and irksome and makes me feel somehow invisible and unvalued as a person with individuality and a contribution to make to the present moment. Also, if the client is presenting them selves and talking about themselves as a stereotype, almost as a cliche of themselves, it would be helpful to look at this in terms of symbiotic identification and individuation processes. A client who says L am like my ad, like my beer, I like my dinner on the table at 6 oclock, I like my women in short skirts and support Gaston Villa. Asking open questions that guide the client to an appreciation of the implicit exchange in his relationships might well be a challenge to somebody who has such a stereotypical view of himself. And to take another example, I would personally hold the news of a client revealing that she is pregnant to be positive. If a client, for instance, were to reveal that to me, and I were to automatically assume that this is good news for the client, I might miss attuning to her real feelings about eyeing pregnant. Being interested in her direct experience would be more helpful. So a question like L could imagine that this would be good news of some people but not so great for others, how is this news for you? Would help the counselor attune to the clients direct experience of being pregnant Language Issues. Assessing the worth or value of the relevance of language issues to the counseling process needs to be taken on a case-by-case basis. Competence in the shared language that the counseling process is conducted in would be an easy and comfortable assumption to make. The issue of the language that as used in the counseling process might be much less significant in cases where such spe cific circumstances were not present. But if the client is foreign, or has a stammer a stutter, or has been severely abused for speaking their mind, the counselor would need to take into account the specific circumstances in order to attune to the needs of their client. The impact of the act of speaking might be very emotionally charged in these cases, in which case the counselor would need to place a very high value and importance on the language that they used and the impact that the language had on their client. As well as the emotional processes that were engaged by the client when they begin to speak. The way a counselor speaks is also significant in the counseling process. If the counselor comes from a middle or upper class background, and speaks in a way that the client deems to be overly posh, it might be more difficult to establish a rapport with the client. Because the client might think that the counselor doesnt have the same problems and experiences and difficulties that they do. Have faced this particular difficulty myself when working as a supply teacher in a special needs school. The young students came from deprived working class families and they did not believe that I could understand their difficulties and that I would be judging them. This prejudice was difficult to overcome in the short time that I had to work with them. I personally remember seeing a Gestalt therapist about 25 years ago with the issue of language became very significant to me. I found him critical of me for using flowery language to describe my experience. This became one of the significant reasons why stopped working with him. Different Belief Systems. The area of religious belief can have a powerful impact on the way a client experiences their world. What affects the value is the strength with which the client holds to their belief systems. If the counselor is working with a person who has a strong belief in a Christian God, for instance, and they have experienced a tragic loss of their child, the client might be angry with God and suffer a crisis of faith because God has taken their child away from them, or on the other hand, might feel soothed and supported by a belief in a higher power that has a grand design for our lives. The counselor who does not respect such a faith will not be able to serve this client well. And if a unsolder who is not a Muslim is counseling a Muslim, it might be difficult for them to understand not only the religious but also the community links that are Muslim client might value. In this case it will be helpful for the counselor to be very direct about the differences and ask for the client to explain his own particular perspective. On the other hand, if the client does not hold beliefs that have been taken on from a religious code, it becomes important to look at the beliefs that the client has decided for themselves out Of their direct experience Of living in within their family and social culture. Family Structures. Neurologically, the family environment in which we grow up is immensely significant to the kind of person we become. Cannot evaluate the relevance of this theme of a family structures highly enough. I would value it as, generally, the highest of all influences. Mom from a small family, with one brother, one auntie and two cousins who live in Italy. I find it difficult to understand people who grow up in a large family and the need to make a particular effort to compensate for my lack of experience in this area. I even find it difficult to imagine how somebody makes decisions about their life in allegations to their families demands and pressures. The rules of a family, be they spoken or not, are u sually very powerful influences on the values and decision-making processes of the client. Particularly if the counselor is committed to exploring the implicit emotional experience of the client, and the client grew up in a family which didnt do emotions or feelings, the counselor would need to attune his challenges and support for the clients emotional journey to the capacities of the client to even feel their own emotions. Such a family would probably feel threatened by the values of a unsolder who emphasizes feelings more than the family culture does. I have a friend who is the eldest child in a family of five; her mum had five children with five different men, none of whom she married. And another friend who was the eldest child out of six children that her mother had. Her dad disappeared before he was 20, and the other five children were fathered by her stepfather. Both of my friends have issues of over-responsibility and difficulties to make decisions in their own self interest due to the family structure in which they grew up in. Conversely, I grew up in a male orientated Emily. My father and younger brother, and a pretty unfeminine mother. It feels to me that I have gone on a long journey to understand and appreciate to the degree I do now that women are wired very differently from men. Became most intimately aware of this when lived with a partner who had two daughters Of ages six and nine. Realized during the 4 years we were together just how differently girls grow up from boys, and how their whole perspective on life, the physical emotional and mental filters through which they view their experience of the moment, is so different from boys. And revises such different value systems from those of boys. Eel still have a lot to learn about gender differences but at least have become aware of the different priorities of men and women. The question asks me to evaluate the relevance of family structures in the counseling process. Personally would place a very high value on this, I can see no counter argument whereby family structures would not be significant in the counseling process. Fifth client I was counseling were to have a similar family structure to myself, that could be both simpler, but potentially more difficult, than somebody whose family Truckee was very different from my own. Simpler because I might have similar experiences to refer to in myself, but potentially more difficult because I might assume that my client would respond in the same way and develop themselves in a similar way to me. This would be a very dangerous presumption to bring into the counseling space. Family Life Experiences I have had a girlfriend who was Turkish. When she had been divorcing her husband, named Tail, all her family relatives and all his family relatives met for a very long meeting one night to discuss whether their marriage should continue or not. The counselor needs to understand how their clients decisions might be affected by the size of their family as well as the traditions of their religion or country of origin. During childhood we learn very powerful lessons about money, sex and power from how our parents relate to money sex and power, for example. If the counselor has had a difficult relationship with money, feeling they are not rewarded properly for instance, and they are counseling a client who has a lot of money or has inherited a lot of money, there may be particular challenges within that working relationship that the unsolder needs to be aware of. If the counselors own relationship with their sexuality as a heterosexual person has not being comfortable, due to their father coming out as gay half way through the counselors childhood, it might be difficult to counsel the client who might be deciding to relate more Openly to their previously suppressed homosexuality, and in particular how they might present this to any children they may have. I remember a close friend of mine during my university days, when I was 22, deciding that she needed to tell people that she was a lesbian. As the first person that she told. This was a very powerful and moving moment in her life. She was mainly terrified. A counselor might be the first person that young person shares what might have been a secret for them up until then. This will be a very significant opportunity for the coo nestles to develop trust with their client. And in terms of power, remember visiting a friend of mines family for New Years Eve meal, where perhaps 15 of their family w ere present. I noticed that no one in the family was willing to take the lead and make a decision about any shared activity that we would participate in that evening. Contrasted it to there families that have visited where them was one powerful leader of the group, or two or three family members who are quite capable of expressing their opinions on getting what they want in conflict and opposition with other family members. The relevance of family life experiences can mediate disability very significantly. I remember meeting a woman in her mid-ass who had a form of dwarfism. As I got to know her realism that she grew up in a really loving family is one of five children in Newcastle. She was passionate about her job, working in the job centre to support other people with usability and because she had had such a loving family environment she was able to face the difficulties common to all humans with many more resources than an able-bodied person who did not have such a loving family structure to support their development in their childhood. Unfortunately, due to her dwarfism, she unable to find a good man -? all the men I go out with are knobs was her precise phrase. I remember being very touched by her situation she clearly had so much love to give, and was so loved by her family, but due to her body shape she was unable to attract a man worthy of ere heart. As with the previous sub section to this question, I feel that family life experiences are highly relevant for both the counselor and the client. The main way that they become less relevant is for them to be shared openly, by the client in the counseling room, and by the counselor with their supervisor, if they are particularly triggered by this case; such sharing should allow for empathy to be created and the bond or connection between the counselor and client to be deepened. Learning Outcome Two. 2. 1 . Explain what is meant by cultural divisions and heritage. Cultural divisions offers to the way groups of people in a country feel affiliated to people who share specific aspects of their identity in terms of religion, culture, beliefs, national identity, class, the traditions of a family or a community, sexuality or the ethnic background in which they grow up. For instance the civil rights movement in USA divided the country along the lines of race or ethnic background. The issue of abortion creates conflict and division between those for and those against which can cause extreme violence and even homicide. Same sex marriage is another theme which can create cultural divisions thin a society. I am guessing the second part of the question refers to Cultural heritage. In which case this would refer to the way a religion, a national culture, a national identity, class or the traditions of a family or a community or sexuality or the ethnic background of a group within a larger society has historically influenced those groupings in a way which people either want to adhere to these values or want to break away from them. In Greece, for instance, pensions have traditionally been offering unsustainable levels of income (up to 90% sometimes) to the elderly because of the value Greeks place on their parental heritage. Religion endorses cultural heritage in the form of certain practices around the year Christmas, Ramadan, the Marching season in Northern Ireland, the Chinese New Year. Ways those groupings mourn and bury the dead. 2. 2. Using examples, analyses how the cultural heritage of clients might influence one-to-one counseling interactions. Religion. It feels easiest to me to begin with some more extreme examples. If the client had grown up in a family culture where religion was very important, can imagine that it might be difficult for them to find their own sense of self and orate decisions based on their own organic experience of their lives, as a humanist might. An obvious example might be someone growing up in a strongly Christian Bible-based religious community, which condemned homosexual activity, and that client would be homosexual. All sorts of conflicts and difficulties that arise as they repeat the injunctions against homosexual activity, and struggled to value their own sexual orientation. Personally, do not share the Christian injunctions against homosexual activity, and I believe it is important for where men and women to enjoy thee sexual preferences free of any dogma whatsoever. But Ive never had to experience the intense feelings of guilt and shame that can be felt by people whose family of origin takes a religious position against such a personal, intimate and private experience. A friend of mine grew up in her family of five; her father was a Protestant minister in France and a mother was heavily) involved in caring for the needs oftener Protestant community to the detriment of caring for the needs of her family. It was a family where person needs was sacrificed for the greater good of the community. 80th her father and mother had grown up as orphans, her father being 15 years old and the eldest son to 4 other children when his parents died. There was never any space for grieving the loss of his parents because of his position of responsibility. At the age of 22, her 29-year-old elder brother died on a Friday That Sunday he preached a sermon as usual and didnt mention the loss of his son. For my friend, this was something she finds very emblematic of her childhood circumstance and is unwilling to forgive her father for. In this fame circumstance grieving was not allowed due to the religious tenets and duties that the parents upheld. My friend hashed problems with asthma and her lungs since her adolescence. And is only recently embarking On a journey of individuation from the power of her familys belief systems are. Being unable to feel grief has contributed enormously to her difficulty to feel love and loving in her personal relationships. Since grief returns us back to our hearts Culture. Some estimates put the number of Polish people who have settled in the united Kingdom over the last 15 years at over 1 million. Many of these will have experienced their childhood under a communist regime, and virtually e of them will have had at least parent or grandparent rule has been severely affected by the Second World War. The individual and family trauma of experiencing war being waged in your own country, in your own town, around your own house, can only have a devastating effect on your capacity) to regulate your emotions, to share your emotions with other people, and etc parent your children; but this is something we as a human race are only just recently becoming aware of, and be able to address openly. And then to consider the national trauma of a country that lost 18% of its population in the Second World War. 18% is virtually one in five people; 6 1/2 million people dying and 27 million people surviving. How trauma is passed down from generation to generation as each tide faces the difficulties of human existence is something that I find very difficult to engage with; but imagine will at some point face working with people of Polish extraction. The challenges of working with people from Muslim Indian cultures would also b very interesting and challenging. I imagine that I would find it difficult to understand how somebody who grows up as one of eight children in a family Of, say, 12 uncles and aunties and 60 nephews and nieces. Member a Turkish tour guide I worked with for a number of months saying that the preference between Westerners and Turkish people is that we spend time alone and we make decisions alone. You live for yourselves, he said, We live for our families. He had an interesting cultural background himself, with his father being Muslim and his mother being Christian. They divorced very early after their marriage. Counseling him with his proclivity for young Russian prost itutes would be a very challenging experience. Beliefs. I happen to be associated through my role as step-parent with two people who have a very strong Christian faith; when they got married their wedding arts depicted 6,410 people walking on a path through clouds to some nebulous vision of heaven. With my own commitment to living in the present here and now, and an interest in a Gestalt approach to life, I can imagine it will be very difficult to work with people who believed that the most important thing in their lives was preparing for heaven, and that this life is merely a vale of tears that is preparing us for the promised land. Mind it difficult when people priorities their conceptual beliefs about other people in front of their heartfelt relationship with those other people. And discriminate against them. I can imagine it will be difficult to bring my own integrity forward in a way that respected their different approach, particularly children were involved. National Identity. I find people who are proud of their national identity rather boring and shallow. This is my own particular perspective. I know somebody who seems to believe that people who are English are just naturally better than people who are not. They have the English flag in their garden. I would want to direct their attention to personal differences and also to the way they use this stereotype to justify their choices and actions. American people tend to adore embody who speaks with a British accent and an American client might idols an English-speaking counselor in a way that will be detrimental to their own personal growth. They might project their positive virtues onto the counselor and the counselor would need to pay close attention to the power imbalance in these relationships. Class. I found myself liking to think that class is less significant in our society than it was when I was growing up 30 or 40 years ago. However, the sketch from TWO, That Was the Week that Was, with John Classes, Ronnie Barker and Ronnie Corbett, where each actor introduced themselves as upper middle ND lower class, in accordance with their physical stature, still has a lot of pertinence in our British society, I believe. People make choices about how safe they feel with, for instance, young men of a lower class. As a counselor personally I would feel threatened and afraid of somebody who might be intimidated by perceiving me is from a middle-class background; if they were strong vigorous and kinesthesia I would feel personally threatened by the potential of them to attack me. Conversely, have found people expect me to be wealthy, effective and successful in the ways of the world because they receive me to be well educated intelligent middle-class. Because these have not been my actual values it has been sometimes difficult to bring my experience of myself to them as am in the face of their expectations and presumptions and assumptions. The traditions of a family or a community. Patterns of attachment play out very strongly in family and community affiliations. To belong and be accepted by our family of origin and our community is one of the most powerful drives in our neurological destiny as human beings. Where each person falls either side of this has a massive impact on their identity and the way they live their lives and how the experience satisfaction in their lives. There tend to be two main options within this frame: either one is basically successfully valued and accepted within the family of origin and community, or one falls on the other side of this pattern of identification and forms a sense of self in opposition to what outside the family or community groups. If one ends up on the inside track, the client might be identified with upholding the values and rules of their parents and community. Im thinking of the way the politician Gordon Brown resented himself to the British people as somebody who followed the values of his family (his father was a minister in the Church of Scotland). He grew up as the middle son of three brothers and identified himself very closely with the values of his family and community. He experienced himself as a defender of these values on the world stage. The loss of these values was something that he felt deep concern about and expended most of his political life trying to avoid. And there will be many examples of clients who land on the other side of the tracks of their family and communities conditioning; reaps the son of successful pioneering surgeon who just wants to be a farmer, or an artistic young woman who wants to dance but grows up in a family of accountants, or a person who grows up in a family of bankers and wants to do humanitarian work in Africa. Sexuality. As young people grow up to discover and embrace their sexual self- expression, they will inevitably be comparing themselves to be compared to the sexual orientation of their parents and their community. Communities that have strong sexual codes such as those Muslim and Hindu cultures that support arranged marriage might be unwilling to accept the difference of a on or daughter with gay or lesbian interests. Or even a person with very little interest in creating a sexual connection with another person, or simply dont want to get married. Remember my own father saying how relieved he was that I am not gay. I remember the example off friend of mine whose marriage was falling apart; she was very unhappy with her husband, with whom she had a son, and there was a lot of pressure from friends and family to stick with the marriage. I remember saying to me that she sought out a counselor at this time because the counselor was the only person who didnt have any advice or any agenda for her. She had fallen in love with another man but was unable to share that with her family and community for fear Of their judgment and criticism. And this was an apparently liberal English community without any particularly strong religious affiliations. Ethnic Background ND. The ethnic background of both counselor and client will inevitably have a powerful influence on one-to-one counseling interactions. If both counselor and client are white Caucasians, it would be reasonable to expect that a significant amount of presumed values could be inferred, and would not necessarily need to be enquired into together. If the counselor were white and the client were black, the differences might be significant; and might turn around the perception of racial superiority and inferiority, or racial hatred, that both members of the process might have. I have heard black people complain about there not being enough black counselors for their race, and I have heard of clients making choices about who their counselor will be depending on their racial origin. Racial diversity seems to be less here in Devon than in the major cities of the United Kingdom; but if the client feels that the counselor is unable to hear them fairly without being viewed wrought a prejudicial lens, is unlikely that the counseling process will be successful. For either members of the exchange. The counselor will need to own the difference perspectives that their racial background brings into the space and check them out on a moment by moment basis with the client. Some clients might not be happy with the amount of time that is taken with this process may grow impatient with the counselor and with having to explain what seems obvious to them and their counselor. 2. 3. Using examples, evaluate how your own cultural heritage might impact on counseling interactions with clients. Religion. I grew up in a household with no particular religious orientation. My father believed that God had betrayed him (so he stopped believing in him) and my mother decided, after growing up in a Methodist family, that God did not exist, but the values of Methodism were wholesome and worth using as guidance for her life. As a child and as a teenager was interested in religions, particularly Buddhism. I was fortunate enough to visit India at the age of 20 and was very influenced by the experiences there which took me out of my cultural perspective and gave me something much wider, more open and interesting than I had ever experienced in England.